[3] The Indus Valley (Harappan) Civilization, which emerged in the mid-3rd millennium BC from this Neolithic base, encompassed a larger area than either Mesopotamia or Egypt - roughly 750 miles NS and EW, encompassing the Indus drainage and that of the original Ghaggar-Hakra River (now dry - captured by Ganges) and areas around these drainages. The Indus Valley Civilisation was known for its trade, both domestic and foreign, its system of weights and measures, its written script. Privacy Policy | There’s no stopping them even during a pandemic! There is evidence of trade routes from the Indus Valley Civilization to many other civilizations of its time including Mesopotamia, other areas of India, Persia and possibly even Egypt far to the West. [10], The Indus Valley people had one of the largest trading areas, ranging anywhere from Mesopotamia to China We know Indus Valley traders went to Mesopotamia as well as other countries, because Indus seals h ave been found in there. Harrapan are therefore blamed to have cruelly used the forests. [3] Amra and Lakhabawal are two other ports situated near Jamnagar on the northwestern coast of Kathiawar, while Kindarkhera near Porbander, Prabhas (Somnath) near Veraval, and Kanjetar near Kodinar are on the main trade route. The river runs in both the nations only in the monsoon season. [20] [22], Many scholars believe that severe drought and a decline in trade with Egypt and Mesopotamia caused the collapse of the Indus Civilization. [14] The Ghaggar was probably once an affluent of the Indus River. [1] The Tribune has two sister publications, Punjabi Tribune (in Punjabi) and Dainik Tribune (in Hindi). [12] The trade relationship during the later 3rd millennium was a direct one: ships from Meluhha (the Indus) docked in Mesopotamian ports; some Meluhhans settled in Sumer; and there is a seal belonging to a Mesopotamian whose job it was to act as an interpreter of the Meluhhan language. [12] [22] [11], Todio is a small Harappan port on the southwestern coast of Kutch which afforded shelter to the ships plying between the Indus estuary and the Gulf of Cambay in the second millennium B.C. The Neolithic site of Mehrgarh is located to the west of the Indus-Sarasvati flood plain, in Baluchistan east of the mountain city of Quetta in Pakistan at the foot of the Bolan Pass, one of the major communication routes between the Iranian Plateau, Central Asia and the Indus Valley. Judging from the dispersal of Indus civilisation artefacts, the trade networks, economically, integrated a huge area, including portions of Afghanistan, the coastal regions of Persia, northern and western India, and Mesopotamia. If these sites served a utilitarian purpose then their approximations to water ways and trade routes also makes sense. [3], Traders brought the materials workers needed, and took away finished goods to trade in other cities. This traffic would have commenced in the later Early Dynastic Period and continued beyond the end of Ur III, the period when the Indus Valley Civilization flourished. The apex court on Wednesday granted interim bail to Goswami ... Twitter says Amit Shah’s account was temporarily locked due to ‘inadvertent error’. [12], During 4300-3200 BCE of the chalcolithic period (copper age), the Indus Valley Civilisation area shows ceramic similarities with southern Turkmenistan and northern Iran which suggest considerable mobility and trade. This seal comes from the Indus Valley Civilization and is currently housed in the National Museum of New Delhi. A Study of Physicochemical Parameters in River Ghaggar was carried out for post monsoon in Oct.2016. The religion and belief system of the Indus Valley people have received considerable attention, especially from the view of identifying precursors to deities and religious practices of Indian religions that later developed in the area. The Indus Valley Civilisation site was hit by almost 10 feet of water as the Sutlej Yamuna link canal overflowed. [21], Some of those who accept this hypothesis advocate designating the Indus Valley culture the "Sarasvati-Sindhu Civilization," Sindhu being the ancient name of the Indus River. [15] [2], Ancient Indus valley communities had the first known systems of trade and measure, seals (credit cards) and are within a days walk of each other, so traders could travel from town to town. If the interpretation of the material is correct, the discovery pushes back physical evidence of boats by more than 2000 years and sheds light on what later became trading routes linking two ancient civilizations: those of the Indus River valley and Mesopotamia. The Harappan trade routes showing how their wealth of resources was traded along rivers and eventually into the Arabian Sea and beyond. [27] [12] David Gordon White cites three other mainstream scholars who "have emphatically demonstrated" that Vedic religion derives partially from the Indus Valley Civilisations. Fatehabad and Sirsa districts, where the river covers almost 140 km, are among the worst hit. [1] [8], The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), was an ancient civilization thriving along the lower Indus River and the Ghaggar River-Hakra River in what is now Pakistan and western India from the twenty-eighth century B.C.E. [26] The Indus Valley civilization may have been the first in world history to use wheeled transport.
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